




Zimbabwe: People’s Rainbow Coalition – Dr Joice T.R. Mujuru – Presidential Nomination Aceptance Speech (20.10.2017)











Finally, after almost a decade of ducking and diving, and squandering millions of rands of public money on his own legal fees, President Jacob Zuma will now face 783 charges of corruption, fraud and racketeering for stealing the people’s money.
The Democratic Alliance (DA) welcomes the judgment handed down by the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) this morning, which flatly rejected President Jacob Zuma’s appeal of the 2016 North Gauteng High Court ruling that set aside the decision to drop these charges eight and a half years ago. The court found that the decision to drop these charges was borne from undue political considerations and, therefore, irrational.
Today’s judgment is a win for justice, the rule of law, and for South Africa. Jacob Zuma will not defeat the ends of justice. The law applies to all, regardless of status.
The matter is now straightforward. The charges now stand, and a court of law must hear this matter. If the President is innocent, as he proclaims, he ought to let a trial court decide on his innocence. His actions over the last decade smack of a desperate attempt to avoid this eventuality. These are the actions of a man who knows he has a lot to answer for.
In this light, I will be writing to the National Director of Public Prosecutions, Adv Shaun Abrahams, insisting that Jacob Zuma is served with an indictment and appears in court at the soonest available date. Adv Abrahams must commit to reinstating all 783 charges, and furnish the people of South Africa with a date by which these charges will be processed. Adv Abrahams must give us a response within 10 days. The charges have been formulated and the evidence is ready. We now await a trial date.
We suspect that President Zuma will want to make fresh representations about why charges against him should be dropped. However, this is unnecessary, as he made written and oral representations on why exactly the same charges ought to be dropped back in 2009, and these representations were rejected. We will not stand for Jacob Zuma.
While everyone has the right to approach the courts for relief, the matter at hand is a simple one, and requires no further deliberation. We urge President Zuma to stop wasting public funds through lengthy legal appeals, and to accept the fact that he will stand trial for 783 charges of corruption fraud and racketeering. We estimate that Zuma’s delaying tactics in the courts to date have cost the taxpayers upwards of R30 million. Jacob Zuma must and will be held personally liable and made to pay for wasting valuable financial resources. Zuma must pay back the money he wasted.
This matter has been ongoing since 6 April 2009, when then Acting National Director of Public Prosecutions (NDPP), Adv Moketedi Mpshe, announced that the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) would be discontinuing the prosecution of Jacob Zuma on 783 charges of corruption, fraud, money-laundering and racketeering. The next day, the DA launched a review application in the Gauteng North High Court to review and set aside this decision on the grounds that it was manifestly irrational and therefore illegal.
This now presents Adv Abrahams a golden opportunity to show his independence and proceed with this prosecution as planned, and give Jacob Zuma a court date.
The DA has always maintained that the President may not be guilty but that he have his day in court as is consistent with the Rule of Law and due process. The President himself has stated on numerous occasions that he wants his day in court.
In the absence of any legitimate factual or legal reasons, the DA is led to believe that these charges were dropped for political purposes: a political solution needed to be found to drop charges against a person who was about to become President, and the Spy Tapes provided the convenient excuse that has now been set aside.




There are often many signs when someone has been in power for too long, their age and their will to serve. That is why the Mugabe family are riding new Rolls Royce’s down the streets of Harare, while the citizens are struggling to afford gasoline and possible hyper-inflation again. So, the Zimbabwean
President, the Head of State have the audacity to insult Botswana. Even if his own state is in tatters and self-indulgent of his cronies and ZANU-PF. A man like that should more careful with his words, but his use of power and His Excellence are used to be chauffeured and have enough “yes men” filling brigades. Therefore, they will not stop him or disagree with him.
That’s why these sort of acts and words comes from his mouth. President Mugabe wants to act like the wise, but comes off as the ignorant. Blaming Botswana for not sticking-up for itself. Would he have respected if someone said the same about himself, which was a fellow Statesmen? I doubt it, he would say other foreign forces had allied against him and wanted to invade his precious Republic. Because, then Mugabe become defensive.
Now, lets look at the quotes from recent events!
Mugabe publicly spatting about Botswana candidate:
“Speaking at a meeting with his South African counterpart, Jacob Zuma, Mugabe said everyone in the region had tried to support Venson-Moitoi, except Khama. “We worked hard, they worked hard, sweated. They sweated, you sweated, we sweated, but one man did not sweat. He sat at home and expected miracles to happen, but that did not happen. Everybody just said you (Venson-Moitoi), we have not seen your President here, he does not attend meetings. What will happen if we placed the organization (AU) in his hands. She had worked hard and we were sorry that she lost. But we knew in advance that we were trying the impossible one,” Mugabe said, drawing laughter from both the Zimbabwe and South African delegation attending a binational commission, aimed at strengthening trade relations between the two neighbors” (Mhaladi, 2017).
Botswana retort to Mugabe:
“The Ministry of International Affairs and Cooperation wishes to respond to the recent media reports in which His Excellency, Mr. Robert G. Mugabe, President of the Republic of Zimbabwe blamed the loss of the candidature bid of Botswana’s Foreign Minister, Dr. Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi for the position of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, on the lack of support by His Excellency, Lieutenant General Dr. Seretse Khama Ian Khama, President of the Republic of Botswana. In this connection, the Government of Botswana has taken note of the comments and regrets these inaccurate and unfortunate remarks. However, the Ministry chooses not to comment any further out of respect for President Mugabe’s advanced age and as such, understands that allowances need to be made” (The Observer, 2017).
That President Mugabe has some age, that is true the President is now currently 93 years old and has been running the government since 1980. It’s high time for changes in Zimbabwe since the government is rotting on its roots. Therefore, political activists are detained on phony charges and no-sense policies are put on the people. The economy is fragile and weak, the reputation of the Bond-Notes is as low as it should be, considering it came with beautiful idea, let’s borrow money to print money. Could think they key economic adviser came from bankrupt banks and maybe it did!
So President Mugabe should be more careful, its been years since his last success, unless seeing his wife fleeing from the law in South Africa on possible assault with battery charges on a South African model. The rampant injustice of the system and total control that put the whole state into abysmal performance because of constant oversight. Clearly, the Mugabe regime and ZANU-PF has not thought of letting it go, even if it means making the situation worse, than it already is.
So that he critique the Botswana government for their African Union position and blamed them for the way it went. Shows the lack of tact the man has now. Instead of concealing defeat and discussing it with the Botswanian counterparts, he bluntly speaks ill of them with South African President Zuma. So use others misfortune to bond with important neighbor. That just how Mugabe, the supposed elder Statesman is acting and not supposed to be.
That President Khama should take is offense is natural, but Mugabe can offend anyone because of his age and get away it. Still, he deserves to be rebuked for his words. If he continues he will has less friends on the continent. Not that the Zimbabwean Republic is strong friend for them in need either. Not at this point. Peace.

Reference:
Mhaladi, Bakang – ‘Botswana mum after Mugabe jibe on Khama’ (03.10.2017) link: https://southernafrican.news/2017/10/03/botswana-mum-after-mugabe-jibe-on-khama/
The Observer – ‘“Mugabe’s comments are inaccurate and unfortunate”: Botswana responds to Mugabe’s attack on Ian Khama’ (05.10.2017) link: http://theobserver.co.zw/mugabes-comments-are-inaccurate-and-unfortunate-botswana-responds-to-mugabes-attack-on-ian-khama/

“(We have got the Judas Iscariots amongst us); they are manipulating the currency so that they trigger inflation” – President Robert Mugabe on Thursday this week (Chibamu, 2017).
When they launched the Bond-Notes in 2016, the borrowed money from China to launch a new currency. Like that sounds like fresh and sound financial policy. Not like Zimbabwean African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) and President Robert Mugabe unleashed this for the supposed benefit of the citizens. Since the former currency we’re put into death-bed and was total worthless by 2009.
So now that its gone some time, the reports of a black-market with currency exchange, the lack of petrol and others springing bad news. It is international ones that are also looking at the signs. Even if the ZANU-PF Ministers and loyalists to Mugabe, is saying it is only smoke, but no fire. Clearly, there are more into it, than they want to admit. Because, we all who followed the launch and the misuse of funds from the cronies close to Mugabe, knew that a uncontrolled inflation might hit the republic again. Mugabe will blame anyone, like he didn’t create this issue himself. If not his wife who spends fortunes in South Africa, buy luxurious cars like Rolls Royce and the sons of family spends time on lavish hotels there. They are acting like Zimbabwean Royal Family, the perks of diving into the state reserves.
Well, the Zimbabweans are in long lines getting petrol, while the Bond Notes values are getting to level, that they are worthless. That the Bond Notes are far from being One to One exchange with United States Dollars. That ship has sailed and the unfortunate citizens of Zimbabwe, who has to again see the Bond Notes, second crypto-currency in a decade fall to pieces. The destruction of the economy is evident. The statistics of the inflation should worry anyone. Just take a look!
“This hard budget constraint became too onerous for the free spending government to abide by. In consequence, Zimbabwe’s government has employed Harry Houdini’s magic and circumvented the hard budget constraint imposed by dollarization. It has done so by creating a new fake dollar, which is referred to as the “New Zim Dollar.” Not surprisingly, this new Houdini creation is rapidly becoming worthless. This makes the methodology that I employed to measure inflation during Zimbabwe’s hyperinflation episode relevant again. Since Old Mutual’s price on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange is denominated in “New Zim Dollars” and Old Mutual’s price on the London Stock Exchange is denominated in British pound sterling, we can create a “New Zim Dollar”/sterling implied exchange rate. This exchange rate can be transformed using PPP to accurately measure Zimbabwe’s inflation. At present (09/29/17), Zimbabwe’s annual inflation rate has soared to 242.72%” (Hanke, 2017).
“More ominously, from the perspective of Zanu-PF, is that, as coffers dry up once again, Robert Mugabe’s government will struggle to pay some of the institutions so crucial to it remaining in power, such as the civil service, the military and the police. Bond notes were the government’s short-term answer to its long-term economic problems. But instead of providing the solution, they are proving to be an expensive mistake” (Allison, 2017).
“RM: Do you foresee Zimbabwe sliding into the 2008 inflationary trap? What is your comment on this? Chris Mugaga: We might not necessarily slide into a hyper-inflationary trap, but we need to guard against it. The money changers have started causing havoc and the informal market players have been creating artificial shortages. All that must stop and this will assist in managing the inflationary threat. Last, but not least, fiscal spending also has to be managed as funding a fiscal deficit can lead to inflation” (Muzavazi, 2017).
“Markoni, who once served as an economic adviser in the regional block, SADC, said Mugabe’s decision to introduce bond notes – a surrogate currency meant to alleviate the cash crisis – set in motion trial of events that led to the total collapse of the country’s financial services sector. “Bond Notes are not the solution and we have always said this. The price increases are just symptoms reflecting the situation on the ground and Mugabe can order the Zambezei River to flow back to Angola but it just won’t because of the forces of nature” said the former Finance minister. “Such forces of nature also apply to the value of currencies and that is why you see that the bond notes have not mitigated the cash crisis and collapsing economy, it has worsened it instead”. He added”(Tarenyika, 2017).
If you thought this would be sunshine story, your wrong. The reality is that the plan for the Bond Notes was flawed from the outset. I am far from surprised by the output of the currency. The whole borrowing to print the currency was made for a disaster. It was just a matter of time, when the state and cronies would print to much and make sure their we’re lacking amounts of cash in the system. As well as the foreign exchanges lacking funds to change between the United States Dollars and the Zimbabwean Bond Notes. There are enough profound evidence of trouble that could occur and which did.
The economy and financial policy was not made for the benefit of the citizen, but a short term gain for the ZANU-PF. But you can wonder who really earned on it before the inflation hit this time. As the usual suspects would be able to comply, but won’t since they will stay silent since they earned on the scheme. The crones like Mugaga will make it seem like normal and under control, while it is not. Because they know that the numbers are terrible and a doctor in the United States publishing it in Forbes, wouldn’t all of sudden find the numbers on a random spread-sheet. Therefore, the reality should hit the fan. Even if Mugabe never will take the blame. There will be someone falling on the sword, neither will be Rolls Royce driving Grace Mugabe, neither Bob, but someone who is easily gotten rid of in the cabinet. Peace.
Reference:
Allison, Simon – ‘Can Zanu-PF afford another currency crash?’ (29.09.2017) link: https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-29-00-can-zanu-pf-afford-another-currency-crash
Chibamu, Anna – ‘Zimbabwe: President Mugabe Stays Put, Scorns ‘Judas Iscariots’ (29.09.2017) link: http://allafrica.com/stories/201709290092.html
Hanke, Steve – ‘Zimbabwe Inflates… Again’ (30.09.2017) link: https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevehanke/2017/09/30/zimbabwe-inflates-again/#221257d10d68
Muzavazi, Runyararo – ‘Let’s guard against the hyper-inflationary trap’ (30.09.2017) link: http://www.herald.co.zw/lets-guard-against-the-hyper-inflationary-trap/
Tafirenyika, Mugove – ‘Former Finance Ministers speak on the economic rot’ (29.09.2017) link: https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2017/10/01/former-finance-ministers-speak-on-economic-rot

After holding him for over 48 Hours, the #ThisFlag founder and Civil Activist Pastor Evan Mawarire has been released. Magistrate: “The 48 hour window has expired, therefore the accused is entitled to immediate release” (Doug Coltart, 26.09.2017). This because the time of arrest started on Sunday and the legislation together with the hearing should have already started. That is why they could release him.
Clearly, every time the Mawarire speaks out his mind and drops his knowledge of the fragile economy, lacking petrol and the failing Bond Notes. There will be issues as the Zimbabwean African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) government trying to subscribe to their leader and his vision, if that is only to print more cash for his lavish lifestyle and his Zanu-PF elite. Therefore, this is not the last a Civil Activist, someone who is saying “Mugabe Must Go” will be in court.
Mawarire is the leader and the man who stands on his principles and is the one who has the voice. This today was a bail-hearing and he was free after the trial. But expect that he might be back to court on Thursday. Still, that one changed as his hearing happen today and got released. Clearly, the Constitutional Rights of bail-hearing and trial before 48 hours happen today. The release happen at the High Court and Row 6 as the judge actually freed him. He followed the code, even as the Pastor was arrested at his Church, that was on the 24th September 2017.
This might easily happen again. That the Police of Zimbabwe will arrest and detain the Pastor on forged charges, on bat-shit crazy charges that doesn’t belong anywhere, except for in B-Movies. Not in reality, but in a poorly written fiction. Still, the ZANU-PF will continue to strangle and humiliate the activists, the ones who wants a peaceful change for the better. As the economy and the rights of people is stripped away. Nothing is right about this situation. Peace.

“I’m just about to finish preaching and I’m told the police are waiting for me outside” – Evans Mawarire (24.09.2017).
Because of yesterday on Social Media while being in a que, the #ThisFlag founder and Opposition activist Evans Mawarire was discussing and showing the Bond Notes crisis and the lack of Petrol in Zimbabwe. Clearly, that didn’t run well with the authorities. The Zimbabwean African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), the ruling regime with President Robert Mugabe got a whiff of this and not strange. Since, even I watched the clip on Facebook yesterday.
This with the knowledge of the cost of 50 Cents bond-notes from the South African Mint that was ordered on the 20th September 2017, cost about $3 Million US Dollars. Therefore, before the money hit the streets and towns, the cost is huge for the state. This should worry anyone, this is just one order and one type that has been revealed. We can just wonder how much the Zimbabwean government has paid for other bond-notes from South African Mint. As the debt created by creation and the funds loaned by the Afreximbank. Therefore, the loans that has to repaid on the weak currency, that is now failing. Just like the bearers notes given in 2008. That is what Pastor Mawarire was discussing yesterday. The reason why he was detained while preaching today.
The Zimbabwe Republic Police has really overstepped, we know they have a grudge against the pastor and his civil activism. But taking him during a service is just out of order. Its shocking and insane. It’s like taking an MP while in the Parliament during a plenary session. How can you barge in to the church and arrest the fellow preacher? Are there no honour within the ZRP? Has not the double or triple doctorate of Mugabe any common sense?
Certainly, the Mugabe family is not that common anymore, since they are riding in expensive rides, while the public are in ques for petrol. That the people are on the black-market for the imported goods, while the industries and the exchange are growing. The running inflation of the currency, while the state trying spin-control it. Like it isn’t happening and the world doesn’t know.
If you want proof of impunity and nonsense. Just follow the trail of the civil activist in Zimbabwe, how they are threaten, treated and detained. Where else can a pastor be arrested while leading his church service with his congregation? Where else can a civil activist without court order or even a court ruling be detained for months upon end and released suddenly, that has happen to several activists. That proves how little Mugabe cares, except getting his wife pardoned for violence in South Africa. It is two classes of people in Zimbabwe, the ZANU-PF elite and the rest! Peace.

In Gauteng High Court in Pretoria on the 21st September judge H.J. Fabricus dismissed the applications made by Oakbay and other Gupta owned Companies who had an injunction and a case against the Bank of Baroda. Since they closed and terminated their relationship with the Companies in question. This here is really putting the legal precedence on the reason why they we’re legally allowed to do. Even as the Bank of Baroda has given notice to the 20 Companies that was involved in the lawsuit against the bank and its practices.
Clearly, the Courts are not in the opinion of the President. Since he can easily be used the Gupta family and their companies. That is why the ruling of Fabricus is even stating the problems of the Gupta owned business. This should be well-known, it should be put in print and the ones trading with them. Should know their reputation and their worry. That is the reason for Bank of Baroda ceasing to have them as their clients and the companies connected to them.
“Irrespective of whether negative publicity about the client is true, a bank is fully entitled to terminate the relationship with a client that has a bad reputation. I may repeat that in this case, as in the Bredenkamp decision, the bank did not seek to rely on the factual accuracy of the relevant reports, but merely on the particular reputation of its clients” (From the Defense Argument of Bank of Baroda).
This here proves there reason with the wish for departure of the negative publicity, which they have gotten since they we’re connected with the Gupta Companies. That is well-known and their deals are all in the midst of public eye. It is the reason for the troubles of the President and his Party. Since they are using the connection and the family of the President are hired into the companies. This sort of thing, doesn’t make for sound and good business practice. Therefore another argument is really stabbing the case of Gupta and gives reason for the dismissal of the application they made to the court.
“In addition, the fact that the largest banks in South Africa and other firms chose to terminate the relationship with the Applicants in 2016 ought to have provided a clear indication that the Bank of Baroda would also consider the option. On this basis it was simply not correct for the Applicants to assert that the 6 July 2017 termination notice came out of the blue. I have of course also kept in mind in this context that the Applicants did not file a Reply Affidavit giving their version of these assertions of the Bank” (From the Court Ruling, 21.09.2017).
This here really says it all, as the Bank of Baroda followed procedure and took their time, before they gave notice to the Gupta Companies, they clearly, seen other companies and banks doing similar acts. Their desperation is now obvious as they will hold the bank in contempt for their ill-advised financial activity and ill-gained fortunes on the state coffers. Therefore, they are basing their argument on being handled badly, while the Bank actually did what they could to salvage their reputation and not be connected with corrupt regime.
The ruling is also focused on the FICA rules for banking institutions in South Africa, a law that is important for the Bank of Baroda. That the rules are important to monitor “Business relationships or transactions that impose a high risk of facilitating money laundering” and also “the proceeds of any unlawful activity or money laundering activity”. All of this are things that could be put on the Gupta Family and their Companies, as the President and his click is known for corrupt behavior. That would put the Bank in risk of dealing with a high risk client. That is why the bank sent them a termination notice. Since they didn’t want to risk being associated with a high risk client(s). As it is also written in the Court ruling: “It was said that the these heightened duties serve an important purpose in that, given the position and influence held by the PEP’s, there was a heightened risk that they may engage in transactions designed to conceal unlawful transactions and the misappropriation of public funds”. This is really giving in this case, as the Gupta Family and their Coal Industry agreements alone could be put into this category. On that reason alone and with the knowledge of these transactions, that could punish the Bank for knowingly accepting this behavior in their system. They could be sanctioned by the state for their misgivings. That gives the Bank of Baroda further reason for their termination notice.
Furthermore, the Gupta Companies has in the recent months before the termination done dozens of red flagged transactions mounting to R4.25 Billion, which the bank already filed to FIC. Other Banks has terminated the Gupta’s for similar reasons, these being State Bank of India, Bank of India, Standard Bank and ABSA Bank. All of these has terminated their relationship with Gupta Family and Companies. Therefore, the reasons for Bank of Baroda is all there.
So since the Bank of Baroda want to “preserve the integrity of the established financial system and the Rule of Law”, the case was dismissed and the applicants, the Gupta Family didn’t get their “Interim-Interim” agreement with the Bank. Certainly, the are scraping for a good and trustworthy place to have their accounts and transactions. As their businesses has been scrutinized and also openly shown. Therefore, the knowledge of their capacity to act with ill-intent and not accordingly to the law. Is well-known and not just hearsay, its well established as well. So the Bank of Baroda, the 16 staffed business and bank can live on their own. They can be the Bank they want to be, without being forced to deal with the Gupta Family, the Gupta businesses and the red-flagged transactions of these individuals. Peace.


The launch of the Bond Notes has been hectic and been untrustworthy. Zimbabwe has been hit with economic difficulties, as to the policies and thieving of the state reserves. That is why the inflation and value of the currency dwindles. As well, as the lack of trust of the currency and the central reserves issued notes, are the reason for the troubling issues with the monetary policies. The Zanu-PF government have been more preoccupied with serving themselves, than the people who are spending the notes.
The questions in the beginning of the of the current value of a note issued on a loan through Afrieximbank, this means the state was taking on debt. This is was to issue a new currency, a temporary note that was gaining new debt to the state. Just take a look!
“Chakravarti, a University of Zimbabwe economics professor, said keeping the peg is only depreciating the value of the Real-Time Gross Settlement system (RTGS). He noted that the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries had revealed that the RTGS premium to real money is now at 30%, meaning if one had US$1 000 in RTGS, they only have US$700 in real money. He added that it was “pointless” to have the Afrieximbank facility, which the central bank said backs the bond notes, if it is not convertible.” Chakravarti said it was unhealthy for the economy to have government crowding out funding for the private sector. He noted that the country has the highest tax-to-GDP in Africa which is 30% against the continental average of 22%, a situation he described as unviable. Chakravarti predicted that by December this year bond notes will constitute 50 to 60% of the currency in circulation which will qualify it as a local currency” (Ndebele & Kuwaza, 2017).
“Dollarisation has two forms, namely, official/de jure and unofficial/de facto. BMI Research found that an increase in bond notes was actually de-dollarising the economy. BMI Research warned last week that increasing money supply would contribute to an accelerated growth of inflation from 1,4% by year-end to 8,5% in 2018 — making the steepest growth since 2009. “The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe’s (RBZ) decision to more than double the size of its bond-note programme — to $500m from $200m previously — confirms our view that the country is headed towards de jure de-dollarisation,” it said” (Zwinoira, 2017).
“Because Zimbabwe imports more than it exports, the black market is now influencing pricing trends. As such, a transfer now attracts a 48 percent premium, while cash transactions for smaller denominations range between eight and 9,5 percent, depending on the currency involved. For larger notes such as US$50 and $100, it can cost the buyer up to 10 percent. The majority of companies, whose payments fall outside the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) priority list for accessing the elusive US dollars in banks, rely on bank transfers to get the coveted currency on the parallel market. As a result, prices for all basic consumer goods have gone up by between 20 and 50 percent as companies and retailers pass on the costs to the ordinary consumer” (Bulawayo24, 2017).
We can easily see that the trustworthy levels of Bond-Notes isn’t there, as the businesses not connected with Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe payment system makes the exchange of currency more expensive. The trust was already bad before the issue of the bond-notes before June 2016. It haven’t got better, it is worse as the percentage cost is 10%.
Therefore, the value of the Bond-Notes has made ordinary life harder. The prices on ordinary goods has gone up. This because of the issue of the Bond-Notes and the whole fiscal policy, that is clearly not working. Peace.
Reference:
Bulawayo24 – ‘Value of Bond Notes Tumbles’ (05.09.2017) link: http://bulawayo24.com/index-id-business-sc-economy-byo-117175.html
Ndebele, Hazel & Kuwaza, Kudzai – ‘Officialise bond notes, govt told’ (01.09.2017) link: https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2017/09/01/officialise-bond-notes-govt-told/
Zwinoira, Tatira – ‘‘Zim heading towards de-dollarisation’ (04.09.2017) link:https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/09/04/zim-heading-towards-de-dollarisation/